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Passive sensors for detecting instantaneous stress and strain values
Jašek, Petr ; Kandus, Bohumil (referee) ; Podaný, Kamil (advisor)
Technical measurements are an indispensable source of information in the technical fields. Due to the computer processing it is necessary an electrical signal as the output of the sensor. The field of measuring techniques of non-electrical quantities comprises a wide range of various sensors. Passive sensors represent an important group, into which resistive, inductive, capacitive, magnetic and ionization sensors are arranged. Basic findings of measurement are presented, and particular kinds of sensors, their functional principles, application examples and evaluation of their properties are described in the thesis.
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Single-Phase Induction Motor
Vácha, Pavel ; Lapčík, Josef (referee) ; Hájek, Vítězslav (advisor)
The bachelor work is concerned the thesis of a single-phase induction motor that´s perpetually more used in all over the world. Its aim is assembling the information about this type of motor and its calculation. The content of the first part is the theoretical analysis of a single-phase induction motor and acquirement ways of the stroke moment. The practical part contains a basic schema calculation of the single-phase induction motor with an auxiliary phase and a processing demonstrate example of calculation of the single-phase induction motor with concrete parameters along suggested process. In the conclusion there is the evaluation of the whole process.
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Quantification of measurement uncertainty using Monte Carlo
Mareš, Jaroslav ; Šedivá, Soňa (referee) ; Havlíková, Marie (advisor)
This master’s thesis is focused on evaluation of standard uncertanities of measurement by method GUM and Monte Carlo and theirs comparation. In first part of this thesis is made the theoretical analysis of evaluation of measurement uncertanities and proposal of methodology for evaluating uncertainties by Monte Carlo method. In the second part is described direct and indirect measuring of resistance, capacitance and inductance, including evaluation of standard uncertanities of those measurings by GUM and Monte Carlo methods. In the end of this thesis is made comparison of achieved results of spoken methods.
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Metronidazole resistence in clinical cases of giardiasis.
Perglerová, Aneta ; Tůmová, Pavla (advisor) ; Uzlíková, Magdalena (referee)
Metronidazole (MTZ) targets a spectrum of anaerobic pathogens ranging from bacteria to eukaryotic parasites, including the protist Giardia intestinalis (Metamonada). Despite the long time and widespread use of MTZ, understanding giardiasis treatment failure (G-TF) is incomplete. Most of the knowledge was gained on laboratory-generated resistant lines or on clinical lines without data on the treatment outcome. In cooperation with Bulovka University Hospital in Prague, 70 giardiasis cases were followed between 2020-2023, of which 25.7% exhibited the G-TF. Giardia genotyping revealed that G-TF cases belonged to the same genetic group (assemblage B, mainly BIII); and G-TF cases were all imported, out of which 60% were from returning travellers from India. To test the hypothesis that resistance is genetically determined/associated with a transmissible genotype, genetic polymorphisms shared in Giardia G-TF samples in a set of genes involved in MTZ metabolism and detoxifications (NR1, NR2, prx1, hmp) were examined. The analysis revealed amino acid substitutions (K42E, K139R) in NR2 isolates of G-TF patients, which might affect protein structure. Also, a gene dosage effect as drug resistance co-variant/cause due to gene duplications or deletions of the hmp gene was tested. Results from dPCR revealed that...
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Transcriptional changes associated with melanoma resistance to small inhibitor treatment
Dorčáková, Terézia ; Kolář, Michal (advisor) ; Modrák, Martin (referee)
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin tumour with increasing incidence and, in advanced stages, limited therapeutic results. The major oncogenic alteration in melanoma is mutational activation of the B-Raf protein, with the predominant mutation V600E, which occurs in 60% of cases and hyperactivates the ERK signaling pathway. This cascade of Raf, MEK and ERK protein kinases is an integral part of an evolu- tionarily conserved signaling network that allows eukaryotic cells to sense a variety of extracellular signals. These protein kinases sequentially activate each other and translate extracellular signals into cellular responses such as proliferation, di↵erentiation, cell cycle changes, apoptosis or cell migration. The central role of the ERK pathway in oncogen- esis has made it one of the targets for therapeutic intervention, and inhibitors targeting mutant Raf, such as vemurafenib or dabrafenib, have been approved for the treatment of melanoma. These molecules specifically target B-Raf(V600E) and have led to a revo- lution in melanoma treatment. Unfortunately, such targeted therapy is complicated by the ability of cancer cells to acquire resistance. The aim of this work is to study at the transcriptional level the emergence of this resistance in patients who respond well to treatment and in...
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Changes in gene expression under simulated drought stress in opium poppy
KOSŤOVÁ, Natálie
This work summarizes findings in the field of general mechanisms of plant response to drought at the gene level, stress response and resistance in plants. The work is focused on poppy plants. It focuses on the optimization of the method for laboratory testing of drought stress in poppy and subsequently on the validation of this method on a variable collection of genotype sources. The optimized methodology is then used to verify selected stress genes using the real-time PCR method. As a result, different germination rates were found for the different varieties at different stress levels. For selected stress genes, their relative gene expression was determined under different levels of drought stress.
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Metabolic alterations in cancer cells and their implications in the therapy of acute leukemias
Harárová, Alžbeta ; Starková, Júlia (advisor) ; Mrvová, Silvia (referee)
Cancer metabolism differs from that of the healthy cells in several aspects. Aerobic glycolysis (e.g. converting pyruvate to lactate under normoxic conditions) was the first described metabolic alteration of cancer cells. Metabolic alterations have since been described in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, in the metabolism of amino acids (especially glutamine, asparagine and serine) and also in the metabolism of fatty acids and cholesterol. The common feature of these changes is the tendency to prefer anabolic pathways, thus enabling fast proliferation of cancer cells. The study of cancer metabolism is particularly important in the case of cancer cells that show resistance to treatment, as their aberrant metabolism is not only a potential diagnostic marker but also a potential therapeutic target. The majority of metabolic alterations have been described for the first time in solid tumors, whereas only recently has the metabolism of acute leukamias gained more attention. Asparaginase is an example of a chemotherapeutic agent that targets a metabolic alteration of leukemic cells. Distinct metabolic profile is also associated with the glucocorticoid resistance. Detailled study of the metabolic alterations of leukemic cells has elucitated the mechanisms of the asparaginase and...
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A thousand may fall at your side. Ladislav Rašín during the 2nd World War
Černá, Alena ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šmíd, Marek (referee)
A thousand may fall at your side. Ladislav Rašín during the 2nd World War. Abstract The bachelor thesis follows the fate of Ladislav Rašín, an important member of National Democratic party, between the years 1938-1945. It focuses on his involvement in the activities of the resistance group Politické ústředí, and subsequent years spent in several German prison houses. Rašín's closest relatives will also be considered in the thesis, as the entire family poignantly illustrates the dramatic turns of fate which many of the leading 1st Republic families endured during the 2nd World War and Nazi occupation. Of particular interest are Ladislav's mother Karla Rašínová (a widow of the assassinated Minister of Finances Alois Rašín) and his wife Marie, since both of them were also involved in resistance activities. Using their contacts, they were even able to reverse the death sentence pronounced upon Rašín and his resistance colleagues in the year 1941. Despite this triumph, their determined fight for a beloved son and husband inevitably ends in tragedy.
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